Farmers’ Dual Roles in Food Safety:Perceptions and Countermeasures     

WANG Xianxia  ZHANG Yunxi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(1):78-84

Farmers are both the producers and consumers of food, and as such have a dual role in food safety: they both generate risks and are exposed to them. Based upon a survey of the food production and consumption habits of 140 farm households and long-term research in two villages in Yunnan province, this study found that rural families are highly dependent on the market for food production and consumption. In their role as consumers, farmers are aware of food safety risks and concerned about them, but their ability to protect themselves is limited. They do so primarily by avoiding certain products and growing as much of their own food as possible. At the same time, in their role as producers, farmers engage in practices, primarily the overuse and inappropriate use of fertilizer and pesticides, that are damaging to food safety and the environment. There is therefore a disconnect in their roles as consumers and producers that needs to be addressed if policy goals for improving food safety and reducing the use of agricultural chemicals are to be achieved. Farmers need more information about food safety risks related to the products they consume themselves, and technical guidance on the safe use of farm chemicals when growing food for market. However, such measures will not be effective unless the external pressures on farmers are also addressed, through consideration of market incentives to use farm chemicals and the impact of consumer demand.  相似文献   

河北省主要农作物生产时空格局变化特征及安全评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹永强  李维佳  袁立婷 《地理科学》2018,38(8):1319-1327

阐述主要粮食作物的时空格局变化特征,对中国粮食安全决策意义重大。基于河北省县市近15 a (2001~2015年）的农业数据资料,采用分段线性趋势以及生产指标-产量波动系数来分析河北省主要粮食作物的时空变化特征,并对河北省粮食作物进行安全评价。结果表明：从产量与播种面积来看,近15 a河北省主要粮食作物变化趋势经历了由波动减少到稳步增长2个阶段,且变化趋势显著;从空间格局变化来看,大致呈由南向北逐渐递减的规律分布,其中不同农作物分布规律各有差异;从粮食安全方面来看,河北省70%以上年份粮食波动系数均超过中国粮食安全平均水平,粮食波动系数较高,粮食安全风险较大;但从人均粮食产量来看,安全程度相对比较乐观,粮食安全状况渐趋于平稳。研究可为河北省粮食生产时空布局的优化、结构调整与社会经济协调发展提供依据。  相似文献   

Comparing Measures of Accessibility to Urban Supermarkets for Transit and Auto Users     

Michael J. Widener 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(3):362-371

Research on access to healthy foods often emphasizes the spatial proximity of residents to food stores like supermarkets as a way to gauge overall accessibility. Much of the literature has focused on locating the closest facility, assuming that access to one food store is sufficient. Given evidence that access to multiple healthy food stores can improve diets, however, this article examines how closest facility measures differ from cumulative opportunity accessibility measures across space in a medium-sized U.S. city. Differences in access between automobile and transit riders, using realistic travel time costs, are also considered. Results demonstrate that the two types of accessibility measures produce different accessibility geographies and that there are disparities in access for those dependent on transit. These findings indicate that researchers should carefully consider whether access to one supermarket opportunity is enough and pay special attention to the mode residents rely on to access food.  相似文献   

青藏高原"一江两河"农区居民食物消费结构与特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王灵恩  郭嘉欣  冯凌  罗艳华  张宪洲  范玉枝  成升魁 《地理学报》2021,76(9):2104-2117

居民食物消费受自然地理环境、城镇化等因素影响,同时通过市场机制影响区域粮食安全和农牧业发展。以西藏“一江两河”地区为例,基于分层抽样,通过2019年实地入户调研,获取了262户农村居民上年度食物消费数据,对青藏高原农区居民的食物消费结构及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 样本内居民的植物性食物的消费量是动物性食物的3.19倍,植物性食物以蔬菜和粮食为主,动物性食物以肉类和牛奶为主;青稞及青稞酒在藏民饮食中占有重要地位。② 居民食物消费规模和结构与食物自给率指标密切相关,自给自足特征显著。③ 不同地区、家庭规模、务工规模、收入水平以及家庭年龄之间,居民的家庭食物消费结构均有所差异,且不同家庭之间面粉和水果的消费差异最显著。④ 区域差异、家庭规模类型和家庭务工规模是影响样本农区居民食物消费综合差异的主要因素。结果可为青藏高原地区居民食物消费结构改善、膳食营养提升以及农牧业转型发展提供科学基础和决策借鉴。  相似文献   

旱区人地耦合系统水-粮食-生态关联研究述评     

刘焱序  傅伯杰  王帅  李琰  赵文武  李长嘉 《地理研究》2021,40(2):541-555

气候变化和人类活动影响下的旱区水-粮食-生态关联机制,是人地耦合系统研究的前沿科学问题之一,为全面保障以水安全为纽带的旱区生态安全和粮食安全提供科学支撑。本研究通过梳理水-粮食-生态关联研究前沿,凝练得到四方面认识：① 在时空特征判别中,旱区土地利用是普遍涉及的水-粮食-生态关联载体;② 在驱动机制分析中,生态系统服务权衡协同关系得到关注,但研究多止步于统计描述;③ 在模型使用中,社会水文系统模型是重要研发对象,生命周期模型和生态系统服务流模型也得以使用;④ 在决策支持中,基于水-粮食-生态关联视角并适用于本地旱区的国土空间规划、资源用途管制、资源使用增效途径仍处探索阶段。在未来研究中,有必要深化旱区生态水文过程对农业生产的影响与响应、旱区生态系统服务权衡及其对人类福祉的影响、旱区水生态安全格局优化下的国土空间开发与保护等研究议题,从而架构水-粮食-生态关联研究从科学到决策的桥梁。  相似文献   

地方小吃空间扩散格局与模式——基于中国四大知名地方小吃POI数据的研究     

朱邦耀  吴媛媛 《地理科学》2021,41(12):2179-2185

以中国四大知名地方小吃门店兴趣点（POI）大数据为主要数据源,基于密度、距离与加权平均中心方法分析地方小吃空间集聚与扩散格局,采用空间自相关、聚类和异常值分析以及热点分析方法研究地方小吃空间集聚关联特征以及空间扩散模式。结果表明：① 地方小吃在不同尺度上的空间扩散格局存在显著差异,东部地区和中西部省会城市是地方小吃的主要集聚地;② 地方小吃的空间集聚表现出自相关特征,邻域扩散、等级扩散和跳跃式扩散等扩散模式相互融合;③ 地方小吃空间扩散的冷热点集聚区分异明显,反映出不同小吃认可群体范围的差异以及中国各地饮食习惯的空间分异;④ 饮食文化扩散与人口迁移扩散具有空间重合性,经济发展水平较高、人口净流入地区对不同饮食文化的包容性较强。  相似文献   

旅游地饮食符号经济：地方符号营造与路径依赖     

王玉婷  徐红罡  劳丽芬 《热带地理》2021,41(6):1246-1257

饮食符号是旅游目的地符号系统的重要组成部分,以地方特色饮食为基础的旅游餐饮也是旅游地的重要经济活动。文章以阳朔啤酒鱼为例,分析旅游地饮食符号经济的特点与形成机制。研究发现,1）旅游地饮食符号的形成既是对地方特色的营销与建构,也是特定饮食产品生产与消费集聚的路径依赖结果。2）从饮食生产的角度,就地取材、利润高、制作工艺简单等特点使啤酒鱼餐饮能够大规模、低成本地发展;从饮食消费的角度,啤酒鱼既具有地方特色又能够被大众口味所接受,同时满足游客的符号性和支持性的餐饮体验。3）消费性服务业的集聚能够营造良好的氛围并产生累积吸引力,使得啤酒鱼的营销成本更低、销量更高,从而形成正反馈机制。  相似文献   

Fishers’ knowledge indicates short-term temporal changes in the amount and composition of catches in the southwestern Atlantic     

《Marine Policy》2016

The scarcity of data on fish catches difficult management of small-scale fisheries in developing countries. This study applies fishers’ knowledge to investigate temporal changes in the amount (biomass) and composition (major ecological categories) of fishing resources exploited by small-scale coastal fisheries in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Four hypotheses were investigated: (1) The amount of fish caught reported by fishers would decrease over time. (2) Older fishers would report higher fish catches than younger fishers. (3) Recent interviews would mention large-sized predators less often. (4) Recent interviews would mention less high valued fishing resources. Interviews with 421 fishers in 36 communities in the southeastern Brazilian coast were analyzed, covering a time span of 14 years, from 1995 to 2009. The hypothesis 1 was confirmed, 3 was partially confirmed, while 2 and 4 were not confirmed. Fishers’ age was unrelated to all variables. The results from fishers’ interviews indicated the temporal trends of: (1) a decrease in the biomass of fish caught; (2) an increase in the occurrence of smaller fish and invertebrates in the catch; (3) an increase of high value fishing resources; and (4) maintenance of large predators. The first two indicators suggest excessive fishing, but the later indicators (3 and 4) suggest that the socioecological system of the southeastern Brazilian coast had not yet undergone major ecological shifts.  相似文献   

不同饵料种类、投喂方式及环境条件对凡纳滨对虾相对摄食量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

肖善势  何琳  徐永健  何京  林志华 《海洋科学》2016,40(5):36-42

为提高对虾养殖过程中的饵料利用率并减少养殖废水的排放,作者以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,研究了不同饵料种类、投喂方式、体质量、充气量、光照强度、水温及盐度对其相对摄食量的影响。结果表明:配合饲料组对虾的相对摄食量显著高于冰鲜虾肉组;连续单颗投喂时对虾的相对摄食量较高;相对摄食量随对对虾体重升高而显著(P0.01)下降,而且不同规格的对虾在竞争条件下平均相对摄食量会降低;充气量6 L/min组对虾的相对摄食量明显高于另外两组;弱光环境下对虾的相对摄食量较高;水温和盐度对相对摄食量的影响极显著(P0.01),在32℃时对虾获得最大相对摄食量,在盐度为5时相对摄食量最小,高盐度下组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在实际生产中应采取少量多次的投饵策略,并根据环境条件的变化合理的调整投饵量。  相似文献   

温度、饵料种类对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)油脂积累与生长发育的影响     

周孔霖  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(4):787-794

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)C5期幼体的油脂积累是种群在黄海冷水团中得以顺利度夏的关键过程。本研究对温度(10°C和19°C恒温,10—19°CⅠ和10—19°CⅡ变温)与饵料种类(硅藻饵料,自然饵料)双因子培养实验进行研究,探讨温度和饵料种类对中华哲水蚤油脂积累与生长发育的影响作用。结果表明,不同的温度和饵料种类对C5期幼体的油脂积累均有影响。C5期幼体在变温组的油脂积累是10°C组的31%—102%,是19°C组的1.8—6.1倍,低温有利于C5期幼体降低个体代谢消耗以增加油脂的积累。在恒温培养下,C5期幼体在硅藻饵料组的油脂积累是自然饵料组的2.8倍,硅藻饵料比自然饵料更有利于油脂的积累。雌体的体长和油囊体积均随着温度的升高而减小。与硅藻饵料相比,在自然饵料组中雌体的性腺发育速度更快,性腺成熟度更高(繁殖指数:58%—65%)。  相似文献